The death toll is far beyond the liver. Deaths from multiple cancers linked to alcohol have surged in the past several decades, new research shows.
By Emily Joshu Sterne
Experts believe when the body breaks down alcohol, it creates a toxic chemical called acetaldehyde that destroys healthy cells and results in a prime environment for cancer cells to thrive.
As a result, alcohol is considered a Group 1 carcinogen, meaning there is sufficient evidence that the drink causes cancer.
Recent evidence has increasingly sounded the alarm on alcohol’s potential link to colon, liver and stomach cancers, especially as these diseases soar in young Americans.
Now, Florida researchers have urgently warned that alcohol-related cancer deaths are on the rise throughout the US.
Using 33 years’ worth of health data from thousands of Americans, the team found alcohol-attributable cancer deaths in the US doubled from about 11,400 in 1990 to 23,100 in 2023.
And among adults under 55, colon and breast cancers were the leading alcohol-related cancer deaths, with esophageal, prostate and pancreatic cancers also seeing unprecedented growth.
The researchers believe the findings show alcohol is becoming one of the most prominent modifiable risk factors in reducing cancer rates, particularly in younger Americans.
‘The most surprising finding was the breadth of alcohol’s potential impact across cancer types,’ Dr Chinmay Jani, corresponding study author and chief fellow in hematology and oncology at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center in Miami, said.
‘Although its relationship with liver cancer is widely recognized, its contribution to cancers such as colorectal, esophageal, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer is less well understood by the public.’
The current Dietary Guidelines for Americans urges adults to ‘consume less alcohol for better overall health.’ Previous guidelines suggested men have less than two drinks per day while women have one.
The new study, published in The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, looked at cancer death rates and alcohol-related cancer death rates between 1990 and 2023 for 10 different forms of cancer: esophageal, stomach, liver, larynx, breast, prostate, colorectal, lip and oral cavity, pharynx and pancreatic.
The researchers used statistical modeling to calculate which deaths were related to alcohol-consumption.
Overall, alcohol-attributable cancer deaths increased from 11,361 in 1990 to 23,126 in 2023, a 103 percent rise. Men and adults over 55 saw the highest concentrations of deaths, and the leading cause of alcohol-related death was liver cancer, followed by esophageal and colorectal cancers.
The above graph shows cancer mortality rates in men and women, further divided by people 20 to 54 and those age 55 and older
When looking at data for sexes combined, there were increases in alcohol-related deaths from all cancers studied except liver cancer. The greatest increase (57 percent) was in deaths from stomach cancer, followed by 40.5 percent for pancreatic cancer and 39.7 percent for colorectal cancer.
In men ages 20 to 54, colorectal cancer was the leading cause of alcohol-related death, followed by esophageal cancer. For women in the same age group, the leading cause was breast cancer, followed by colorectal cancer.
Alcohol-related deaths among older men were highest for liver cancer, followed by esophageal and colorectal cancers. Breast cancer was the most common form in older women.
‘Notably, among adults aged 20 to 54, colorectal cancer was the leading cause of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality in men and the second leading cause in women, surpassing liver cancer in both groups,’ Jani said.
The study also looked at state-by-state alcohol-related cancer death data and found that in 2023, Washington DC had the highest rate for both sexes, followed by Texas for men and Alaska for women.
Utah, meanwhile, had the lowest rate for both sexes, which may be due to the state consistently recording the country’s lowest alcohol consumption rate. Washington DC, meanwhile, has some of the nation’s highest wine consumption and binge drinking rates, according to 2025 Gallup research. Those researchers attributed the rates to the area’s young professionals.
